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Photonics Dictionary
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Photoelastic equipment and supplies
Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze stress distribution and behavior in materials. photoelastic equipment...
photoelastic
In optics, the double refraction that is produced when stress is applied to a transparent material. Plastics, which are especially photoelastic, can be formed into models of structures that are...
photoelasticity
The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex systems of loading.
photoelectric absorption
The transformation of incident radiant energy into a photoelectric emission current.
photoelectric cathode
A cathode principally designed to emit a photoelectric current.
photoelectric colorimeter
A system having a photoelectric detector for the measurement of three quantities related by linear combination to tristimulus values of a sample.
photoelectric colorimetry
The measurement and analysis of color using a photoelectric instrument having three filters with broad spectrum bands.
photoelectric control
The control of an instrument or electrical circuit by the current produced by varying radiation incident to a photoelectric cell.
photoelectric counter
A device used to count objects that pass a given point by allowing each object to obstruct a beam of light falling on a photocell. Slow counting rates can be recorded by a mechanical counter, but...
photoelectric current
The electron stream emitted by a phototube when the cathode is exposed to light.
photoelectric effect
The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect is the means by which photons may be detected.
photoelectric emission
The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.
photoelectric exposure meter
A device consisting of a microammeter, a photovoltaic cell and a battery. It is used for the measurement of scene brightness and the determination of correct exposure for photographic processes.
photoelectric fluorometer
A filter fluorometer that uses a photomultiplier tube to detect the fluorescence of a sample.
photoelectric mixing
Also known as light beating. The mixing of two narrowband optical components to produce an AC component in the photocurrent at the optical difference frequency.
photoelectric multiplier
A phototube in which the primary photoemission current, before being extracted at the anode, is multiplied many times.
photoelectric photometer
Also known as electronic photometer. A photometer with a photocell, phototransistor or phototube for measuring the intensity of light.
photoelectric photometry
The use of photoelectric sensors to detect and measure the intensity of a light source. This application, as compared to human observation, results in higher speeds of operation, a greater...
photoelectric pyrometer
An instrument used to measure the temperature of a source through the use of photoelectric cells to detect and measure the intensity of the light emitted by the source.
photoelectric reader
An input device for a computer that detects and reads the data, in the form of punched holes in cards, by light that is transmitted through the holes.
photoelectric receiver
An instrument that uses a photocell to detect and measure the intensity of incident light.
photoelectric reflectometer
A photoelectric photometer used to measure the reflectance of a surface.
photoelectric relay
A relay that opens or closes an electrical circuit depending on the intensity of the light incident to a photoelectric device contained in the relay.
photoelectric scanner
A system mounted a few inches above a moving plane that consists of a light source, lenses and one or more phototubes. In this position, the scanner actuates the control equipment when the quantity...
photoelectric spectrophotometer
A system that consists of a spectrophotometer with a photoelectric detector for measurement of radiant energy.
photoelectric tube
->
phototube
An electron tube having a photocathode for the emission of a photoelectric current.
photoelectromagnetic effect
Interaction of a magnetic field with a photoconductive substance exposed to light to create a potential difference.
photoelectromotive force
The force that stimulates the emission of an electrical current when photovoltaic action creates a potential difference between two points.
photoelectron holography
A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the crystal is illuminated by a burst of finely tuned x-rays. The resulting...
photoelectron microscopy
Surface analysis by means of photon induced electron emission. PEM methods provide high lateral resolution of the observed sample.For surface material sciences PEM allows the investigation of...
photoelectron
Electron released in photoelectric activity.
photoemission
->
photoelectric emission
The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.
photoemissive cell
->
photoemissive detector
An electronic tube instrument in which the anode current varies with the intensity of light incident on the cathode.
photoemissive detector
An electronic tube instrument in which the anode current varies with the intensity of light incident on the cathode.
photoemissive effect
->
photoelectric effect
The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect is the means by which photons may be detected.
photoemissive tube photometer
A photometer that uses a photoemissive tube to detect and measure light. See photoelectric photometry.
photoemulsion
In photolithography, an opaque material used in masks that has a lower optical density and grainier composition than chrome.
photofabrication
The use of photoetching techniques to produce small tools, parts and dies from sheet metal.
photoglow tube
A particular type of phototube having increased sensitivity as a result of the glow initiated by light incident to the cathode.
photogrammetric equipment
The special cameras, film and other means for forming maps by aerial photography.
photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the analysis of photographs or imagery. It involves extracting information...
photographic dosimetry
The use of photographic emulsions to detect and determine the amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, in an area. This is accomplished by exposing the emulsion to the radiation...
photographic exposure
The product of exposure time and irradiance or illuminance.
photographic field
The maximum angle of view that can be recorded by a camera. Field is a function of lens focal length and film format.
photographic photometry
A form of photometric measurement, often used with light sources that are transparent or fluctuating, in which a photographic plate is used to obtain a record of a source's relative intensities over...
photographic radiometry
The use of photographic recording equipment to measure radiant energy. With this procedure, many measurements of radiant energy can be recorded simultaneously and permanently.
photographic resolution
A measure of the ability of a photographic system to record fine detail. Usually stated in terms of cycles per millimeter on the processed film.
photographic shutter efficiency
A measure of the total light passed by a shutter during an exposure, compared with the light that could be passed by an idealized, infinitely fast shutter fully open for the same extreme time.
photographic sound recorder
A system in which the electrical signal embedded within an audio input signal is converted to a modulated light pattern and recorded on film.
photographic thermometry
The photographic recording of the heat radiation emitted from various points on the object as corresponding density variations on fast infrared film.
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