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6,153 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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three-five
Referring to compound semiconductor materials combining one element that has three valence electrons with one or more that have five. Examples include gallium arsenide and indium antimonide. (III-V).
three-level laser
A laser having a material, such as ruby, that has an energy state structure of three levels: the ground state (1) wherein excitation applied to the material raises ions in the material into the...
three-photon microscopy
Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It is used in biological and medical research to capture high-resolution images...
threshold
1. In visual perception, the minimum value of stimulus that can be perceived on the average. 2. In optical detection systems, that signal level at which the probability of detection is 50 percent.
threshold current
The minimum driving current corresponding to lasing threshold at a specified temperature. (Ith).
threshold voltage
1. Voltage at which a PN junction begins to pass a current. 2. In a solid-state lamp, the voltage at which light is first emitted.
threshold wavelength
The greatest wavelength of radiation for a specified surface for the emission of electrons.
thresholding
The process of defining a specific intensity level for determining which of two values will be assigned to each pixel in binary processing. If the pixel's brightness is above the threshold level, it...
thyratron
An arc discharge tube having a grid that is used to start the discharge through an atmosphere of inert gas or vapor at low pressure.
thyristor
A family of semiconductor switching devices of which the silicon-controlled rectifier and the triac are most commonly used. They are fabricated from four positive and negative alternating layers.
THz
terahertz
TIA
transimpedance amplifier; Telecommunications Industry Association
TID
time interval distribution
tight buffer
Protective material surrounding the cladding of an optical fiber that allows the fiber no play within it.
time constant
The amount of time needed for a detector signal or electronic circuit to reach 63 percent of its final value after a fixed incident power is first applied.
time delay generator
->
digital delay generator
An instrument that can preselect intervals, often in increments of 1, 10 or 100 ns, for the generation of electronic pulses by means of front-panel switches. Also called a time-delay generator.
time division multiplex
The process or device by which more than one signal can be sent over a single channel by using different time intervals for the different signals. This may be done by varying the pulse duration,...
time domain
The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over time. In the time domain, signals are represented as functions of time, showing...
time of flight
(TOF) The length of time needed for a signal to arrive at and be reflected from the target. The basis of an active autoranging/autofocus system.
time smear
The elongation of a transmitted data pulse through a fiber optic due to the chromatic dispersion of the fiber material.
time-averaged holography
Although low in sensitivity (approximately 10-7 m for helium-neon lasers), this holographic technique permits quantitative assessment of entire vibratory patterns of given structures in a single...
time-lapse camera
A cine camera that exposes a series of individual frames to record the changes in a subject that slowly alters with time. This results in the eventual showing of an event that happened over an...
time-lapse optical coherence tomography
Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT scans over time, allowing for the dynamic observation and monitoring of...
time-sharing laser
A laser fitted with up to eight optical fibers that transmit the energy to different workstations in turn.
TIMI
temperature-insensitive Michelson interferometer
tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by surface plasmon resonance enhancement, with the nanoscale spatial...
TIR
total internal reflection; total image runout; total indicator reading
TIR-FM
total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy
TIR-FPL
total internal reflection face-pumped laser
TIRF
total internal reflection fluorescence
TIROS
television and infrared observation satellite
tissue optics
The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied, turbid medium, especially its scattering and absorption characteristics, is...
tissue welding
The use of a surgical laser instead of sutures or staples to close a wound or rejoin severed blood vessels.
Ti:sapphire laser
A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The name Ti:sapphire comes from the combination of titanium (Ti) as the dopant...
TMBS
torque motor-beam steerer
TN-LCD
twisted nematic liquid crystal display
TO package
Housing that resembles a small metal can for a semiconductor component, photodetector or similar device.
TODS
transportable optical disc system
tolerancing
The determination of the degree to which a manufactured component can deviate from its ideal specifications of material and geometry without impairing its performance.
tomography
Technique that defocuses activity from surrounding planes by means of the relative motions at the point of interest.
tomosynthesis
A variation of tomography in which several photographs of a patient are taken at different angles, and back-projection of the resulting radiographs produces light distribution in a chosen...
Topogon lens
A symmetrical, very wide-angle lens. Well-corrected for spherical aberration and color, the Topogon can cover fields up to 90° at speeds from f/11 to f/6.3.
topological photonics
Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the behavior of light in photonic systems. Drawing inspiration from the field of...
topology
Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, crumpling, and bending, but not tearing or gluing....
toric surface
A surface that is swept out by revolving a circle about an axis that lies in the plane of the circle but that does not intersect its center. The result is a surface having different curvatures in...
torque
A calculated measure of the ability of an incident force to cause an object to spin. The spin speed of any given object is a direct function of the duration of the torque application.
TOSA
transmitter optical subassembly
total flux
The luminous flux emitted by a light source in all directions.
total image runout
Image displacement by a decentered lens, rotated on a chuck whose axis of rotation passes through the geometrical center of the rim of the lens, when the light source is at an infinite distance. It...
total insert
The lateral distance between a vertical line drawn through the geometrical center of the distance portion of a multifocal, and a vertical line penetrating the geometrical center of the segment.
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Photonics Dictionary
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