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8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

NTSC triangle

The triangle in a chromaticity diagram joining the chromaticities of the NTSC phosphors, and containing all chromaticities which can be produced by additive mixture of their light.

nu value -> Abbe constant

A dispersion relation defined in order to value the reciprocal amount of dispersion. It is defined as the refractivity over the difference in index values of the shortest and longest visible...

nuclear fusion

In physics, nuclear fusion refers to the process in which two atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy. This process powers the sun and other stars...

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

That branch of spectroscopy that applies to the study of interactions between energy and atomic nuclei. The simultaneous application of a strong magnetic field and the radiation from a...

nuclear magnetic resonance

A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb radio waves supplied by a transmitter at particular frequencies. The energy...

nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

A chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to nucleuses which have a quadrupole moment which leads to an asymmetric electric...

nuclear track emulsion

A photographic emulsion of the silver-halide type that is used to record the path of a charged traveling particle. The tracks recorded on these emulsions are typically observed under a microscope...

null curve

A plane along which destructive interference takes place.

null lens

A lens used in the optical testing of an aspheric surface. It converts a spherical wavefront into one that precisely matches the surface under test. When the wavefront is reflected from that surface,...

null process

Commonly performed in spectroscopy, the optical null process is a method for radiation detection whereby physical detectors are used to rapidly interchange the intensity between a reference beam and...

numerical aperture

The sine of the vertex angle of the largest cone of meridional rays that can enter or leave an optical system or element, multiplied by the refractive index of the medium in which the vertex of the...

Nusselt number

Expression of the nondimensional coefficient of the heat transfer in a convection process.

NVG

night-vision goggle

NVM

night-vision monocular

NVS

night-vision system

Nyquist criterion

In image acquisition (and sampling theory), the postulate that the pickup sampling frequency must be a minimum of twice as high as the Nyquist rate of brightness change of any detail to be resolved....

NZ-DFF

non-zero dispersion-shifted filter

opacity

optical axis

OADM

optical add-drop module

OAET

Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology

OALM

optical address light modulator

OAMP

optical-analog matrix processing

OAR

off-axis rejection; open area ratio

object

The figure seen through or imaged by an optical system. It may contain structures, natural or artificial, or it may be the real or virtual image of an object formed by another optical system. In...

object beam

In holography, the wave of light that illuminates the object to be recorded, which diffracts it to the recording medium, where it interferes with the reference beam, generating the hologram.

object conjugate -> object distance

The distance between the object and the cornea, or the first surface of the objective in an optical device.

object displacement

The movement of an object seen through a refracting prism toward the apex of a prism.

object distance

The distance between the object and the cornea, or the first surface of the objective in an optical device.

object space

In an optical system, the space between the object being viewed and the system entrance pupil.

object working distance

Distance between the front vertex of a lens and the object.

objective

The optical element that receives light from the object and forms the first or primary image in telescopes and microscopes. In cameras, the image produced by the objective is the final image. In...

objective aperture -> clear aperture

The limited light-gathering area of an optical system. The area is normally restricted to an edge or outer surface of an individual component. Also known as free aperture or objective aperture. The...

objective grating

A coarse diffraction grating that is used to form a scale of intensities to determine the relative magnitudes of stars. The grating is placed over the objective of a telescope to form a diffraction...

objective prism

1. A prism used in some instruments to bend light 90° before it enters the objective. 2. A dispersing prism located in front of an astronomical telescope objective to produce spectra of all...

oblate crystal -> negative crystal

A uniaxial, birefringent crystal such as calcite or ruby in which the velocity of the extraordinary ray surpasses that of the ordinary ray. This can also be defined as the index of refraction of the...

oblique error

The image error that results from astigmatism, coma, oblique spherical aberration, lateral color and distortion.

oblique illumination

A common technique in microscopy, oblique illumination is one in which the object is illuminated by a light source that is at an oblique angle (on the side) to the optical axis. This technique is...

observatory dome

A hemispherical covering that is rotatable about a central axis. There is a slit opening along one side wide enough to allow a telescope to be directed at any vertical angle up to 90°.

obsidian

An acid-resistant, lustrous volcanic glass, usually black or banded.

optical computing

occluder

A device that completely or partially restricts the amount of light reaching the eye.

OCCR

optical Chinese character recognition

OCDR

optical coherence domain reflectometer

OCDU

optics coupling display unit

ocean color

Refers to the characteristic hue of the ocean according to the presence and concentration of specific minerals or substances, such as chlorophyll. Atmospheric aberrations of color must be corrected...

OCM

optical countermeasure

OCO

optically coupled oscillator

OCR

optical character recognition; optical character reader

OCT

optical coherence tomography

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Photonics Dictionary

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