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Excelitas PCO GmbH - PCO.Edge 11-24 BIO HP

8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

neutralization

In optics, the process of combining two lenses having equal and opposite powers to produce a result having no power.

neutron drip line

Prediction based on observations of nuclear masses in the valley of stability that indicates the maximum number of electrons that will bind with a given number of protons in progressive order along...

neutron radiography

The nondestructive analysis and recording of industrial components based on the absorption of relatively low-energy neutrons by material having low atomic numbers. The visible image formed by the...

NEWS

north, east, west, south

newton (N)

The unit of force in the mks system that will give 1 kg of mass an acceleration of 1 m/s2.

Newton's rings

The series of rings or bands formed when light beams reflected from two polished, adjacent surfaces, placed together with a thin film of air between them, interfere. By counting these bands from the...

Newtonian telescope

A telescope with a concave paraboloidal objective mirror and a small plane (diagonal) mirror that reflects rays from the primary mirror laterally outside the tube where the image is viewed with an...

NEXT

near-end crosstalk

nanofarad

NHZ

nominal hazard zone

Nichols radiometer

An instrument devised by Nichols and Hull for use in the measurement of radiation pressure. The device has two small silvered, glass mirrors that are suspended, in the way of a torsion balance, by a...

Nicol prism

A prism invented by William Nicol in 1828 that is made of calcite, the end faces of which are ground to an angle of 68° between one vertical side and the end surface. The prism is cut diagonally...

night-vision device

A device that uses low-level visible radiation or infrared radiation to produce a visual image of a night scene. These devices may rely on the amplification of existing visible light by...

Nipkow disc scanner

A device consisting of a disc with a spiral arrangement of holes that is used to convert visible patterns into electrical patterns. Light is reflected from the subject and focused through a vertical...

NIR

near infrared

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

nit

Unit of measurement of brightness (luminance) equal to one candela per square meter.

nitric oxide detector

A pollution-measuring device used to detect the presence of nitric oxide regardless of other gases present. It utilizes the principle of laser magnetic resonance (LMR).

nitrogen vacancy

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom adjacent to a vacancy (an empty lattice site) in the diamond...

NLC

nematic liquid crystal

NLLS

nonlinear least square

NLO

nonlinear optics

NLOS

nonline-of-sight

nanometer

Newton meter

NMOS

N-type metal-oxide semiconductor

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

neural network; nearest neighbor

nitric oxide

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

noble gas

A monatomic, chemically inert gas such as argon, neon, krypton and xenon.

noctovision

A television system used for seeing in the dark, particularly with the use of infrared rays.

NOD

night observation device

nodal bench

A bench with instrumentation including a collimator, a microscope, positioners and a nodal slide used to rotate a lens about its second nodal point. The nodal bench is used to determine the cardinal...

nodal points

Of all the rays passing through a lens from an off-axis object point to its corresponding image point, there is always one ray whose direction in the image space is equal to that in the object space....

nodal testing

The measurement of first- and higher order properties of a lens and its formed image, including effective focal length, back focal length, f number, aberrations, blur patterns, magnification and...

node

In a communications network, a point at which data are received or from which they are sent. Though the term often is used synonymously with workstation, interconnection points in a network also are...

NOHD

nominal ocular hazard distance

noise

The unwanted and unpredictable fluctuations that distort a received signal and hence tend to obscure the desired message. Noise disturbances, which may be generated in the devices of a communications...

noise current

Any noise or current fluctuation that prevents precise measurement of the signal current. Both dark current and signal current have random fluctuations that affect the arrival of pulses. Thermal...

noise equivalent delta temperature

In a thermal imaging system, the change in temperature that yields a signal-to-noise ratio of unity.

noise equivalent irradiance

The amount of spatial noise detected equivalent to the output emission location of the giving source.

noise equivalent power

At a given modulation frequency, wavelength, and for a given effective noise bandwidth, the radiant power that produces a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 at the output of a given detector.

noise equivalent thermal distance

Noise equivalent thermal distance (NETD) is a performance metric used to quantify the sensitivity of thermal imaging systems, including photoacoustic imaging systems. It represents the smallest...

Nomarski microscopy

Also referred to as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy; Nomarski microscopy is a unique form of microscopy especially suited for the evaluation of surface quality and defects as well...

nominal hazard zone

Zone of laser operation in which the direct, reflected or scattered light exceeds the laser's MPE and (by ANSI standards) requires the use of protective eyewear.

nominal ocular hazard distance

The calculated normal distance from a photon source at which harmful interaction with the incident light will occur. Interaction distance produces the effect of MPE (Maximum Permissable Exposure) on...

NON-COHO

noncoherent oscillator

noncoherent bundle

An assembly of optical fibers that will not transmit coherent images or information because the relationship of the fibers on either end of the assembly is random; Noncoherent fiber bundles are...

noncoherent radiation

Radiation having waves that are out of phase in space and/or time.

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Photonics Dictionary

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