Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the digitalization of entire glass slides containing histological or cytological specimens. Instead of viewing specimens through a traditional microscope, pathologists and researchers can access high-resolution digital images of the entire tissue section on a computer screen. This technology has been widely adopted in pathology and is transforming the way pathologists analyze and share histopathological information.
Key features and principles of whole slide imaging:
Digitalization of glass slides: WSI involves the conversion of glass slides, typically used in traditional microscopy, into digital images. This process can be achieved using slide-scanning devices equipped with high-resolution cameras.
High-resolution imaging: WSI systems capture high-resolution images of entire tissue sections at various magnifications. The digital images retain the same level of detail as conventional microscopy, allowing for thorough examination of cellular structures and tissue morphology.
Image stitching: Whole slide imaging often involves stitching together multiple images captured from different regions of a slide to create a seamless and comprehensive digital representation of the entire specimen.
Storage and archiving: Digital pathology facilitates the storage and archiving of vast amounts of histological data. Digital slides can be stored electronically, eliminating the need for physical storage of glass slides and making it easier to manage and retrieve patient information.
Remote access: WSI enables remote access to pathology images. Pathologists and researchers can view and analyze digital slides from anywhere with an internet connection, allowing for collaborative diagnostics, consultations, and education.
Quantitative analysis: Digital pathology supports quantitative analysis and image processing techniques. Software tools can be used for tasks such as image analysis, pattern recognition, and the extraction of quantitative data from digital slides.
Education and training: WSI is valuable in pathology education and training. It allows students and trainees to access a wide range of pathological specimens without the need for physical slides, facilitating learning and enhancing the educational experience.
Integration with information systems: Digital pathology systems can be integrated with laboratory information systems and electronic health records, streamlining workflow and improving overall efficiency in pathology laboratories.
Diagnostic applications: WSI is increasingly used for routine diagnostic purposes. Some regulatory agencies have approved the use of digital pathology for primary diagnosis in certain situations, although guidelines and regulations may vary by region.