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Ti:sapphire laser

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The name Ti:sapphire comes from the combination of titanium (Ti) as the dopant and sapphire (Al2O3) as the host material. 

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This type of laser is known for its tunability across a broad range of wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectrum, typically from around 680 nanometers (deep red) to 1100 nanometers (near-infrared). Its broad tunability is one of its key advantages, making it useful for a wide range of applications such as spectroscopy, microscopy, medical research, ultrafast science, and femtosecond laser systems for material processing and micromachining.

Ti:sapphire lasers are often used in conjunction with mode-locking techniques to produce ultrafast pulses with durations on the order of femtoseconds (10-15 seconds) or picoseconds (10-12 seconds). These ultrafast pulses make Ti:sapphire lasers valuable tools in fields such as ultrafast spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and laser-based particle acceleration.
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