Definition of three-axis stage

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Photonics Dictionary

three-axis stage: A three-axis stage, also known as a three-axis positioning stage, is a precision mechanical device designed to control the position of an object in three perpendicular directions: typically X, Y, and Z axes. These stages are commonly used in scientific and industrial applications requiring high-precision positioning and movement, such as microscopy, semiconductor manufacturing, and materials testing.

Axes of movement:

X-axis: Horizontal movement along one plane.

Y-axis: Horizontal movement perpendicular to the X-axis, in the same plane.

Z-axis: Vertical movement perpendicular to the plane formed by the X and Y axes.

Components:

Linear guides: Provide smooth and precise linear motion for each axis.

Actuators: Devices such as motors (stepper, servo, or piezoelectric) that drive the movement of the stage along each axis.

Control system: Electronic or software-based system that coordinates the movements and positions of the stage.

Platform/base: The surface on which the object to be positioned is placed. It moves according to the coordinates provided.

Types of control:

Manual control: Movement is controlled by manual adjustments, often using micrometers or knobs.

Automated control: Movement is controlled by computerized systems, allowing for precise and programmable positioning.

Applications:

Microscopy: For positioning samples under a microscope.

Semiconductor manufacturing: For precise placement of wafers and other components.

Materials testing: For aligning and testing the mechanical properties of materials.

Laser machining: For accurately positioning the material to be machined by a laser.

Precision and accuracy:

Resolution: The smallest increment of movement the stage can achieve, often measured in micrometers (µm) or nanometers (nm).

Repeatability: The ability of the stage to return to a given position multiple times with high precision.

Load capacity: The maximum weight the stage can support while maintaining precision and accuracy.

Three-axis stages are essential tools in environments where minute adjustments and precise positioning are crucial. They are often integrated with other systems and instruments to perform complex tasks that require high levels of accuracy and repeatability.

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