Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of thermophotovoltaics. In a thermophotovoltaic system, thermal radiation from a heat source is converted into photons, which are then absorbed by a semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) cell, generating electrical power.
Key components and principles of thermophotovoltaic systems include:
Heat source: A heat source, such as a combustor or other thermal source, is used to generate high-temperature heat. This heat source is typically in the form of hot surfaces or flames.
Thermal radiation: The high-temperature heat source emits thermal radiation. The emitted photons carry energy and play a crucial role in the TPV process.
Selective emitter: A selective emitter is used to enhance the emission of photons in a specific wavelength range that matches the bandgap of the semiconductor material in the PV cell. This selective emission improves the efficiency of energy conversion.
Photovoltaic cell: The semiconductor-based photovoltaic cell receives the emitted photons, absorbs them, and generates electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The bandgap of the semiconductor determines the energy of photons that can be converted into electrical energy.
Energy conversion: Photons with energy above the semiconductor bandgap create electron-hole pairs, leading to the generation of a direct current (DC) electrical output.
Thermophotovoltaic systems have potential applications in various areas, including power generation, waste heat recovery, and remote or portable power sources. The technology is being researched and developed to improve efficiency, increase power output, and address practical challenges such as thermal management and material considerations.