Definition of pentaprsim

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Photonics Dictionary

pentaprsim: A pentaprism is a five-sided glass prism used in optical devices, particularly in SLR cameras, to deviate the path of light by 90 degrees and ensure that the image seen through the viewfinder is correctly oriented both vertically and horizontally.

Light path deviation: The pentaprism is designed to reflect light entering it multiple times internally, usually twice at specific angles, so that the light exits the prism at a right angle to its entry. This redirection enables the correct viewing angle for the photographer.

Image orientation: Unlike simple mirrors that can invert images, the pentaprism maintains the correct orientation of the image (upright and not reversed) due to its specific reflective properties. This makes it easier for photographers to compose shots accurately.

Construction: Made from high-quality optical glass, the surfaces of a pentaprism are precisely polished and coated to maximize reflectivity and minimize light loss.

Applications: Besides SLR cameras, pentaprisms are also used in various optical instruments where precise image orientation and light path deviation are required, such as in binoculars and survey instruments.

Comparison with pentamirror:

Pentaprism: Generally provides a brighter and clearer viewfinder image because it reflects almost all the light through total internal reflection. It is more robust and durable, but also heavier and more expensive.

Pentamirror: Made from several mirrors instead of a solid glass prism, resulting in a lighter and cheaper construction, but typically with slightly lower image brightness and clarity.

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