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Photonics Dictionary

monocyte

A monocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that is part of the innate immune system. Monocytes are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream. They are characterized by their large size and kidney-shaped nucleus. Monocytes play a crucial role in immune defense by differentiating into macrophages and dendritic cells when they migrate from the bloodstream into tissues.

Phagocytosis: Monocytes are capable of engulfing and digesting pathogens, dead cells, and other debris through a process called phagocytosis. This helps in clearing infections and maintaining tissue integrity.

Antigen presentation: Once monocytes migrate into tissues and differentiate into dendritic cells, they play a crucial role in presenting antigens (pieces of pathogens) to T cells, which is essential for initiating adaptive immune responses.

Cytokine production: Monocytes can produce various cytokines, which are signaling molecules that regulate immune responses, inflammation, and other physiological processes.

Monocytes are integral to the body's defense against infections and contribute to the regulation of immune responses. Their ability to differentiate into specialized immune cells and their involvement in both innate and adaptive immunity highlight their importance in maintaining overall immune function and homeostasis.
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