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Photonics Dictionary

lymphocyte

A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a central role in the immune system. Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the lymphoid organs, such as the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. They are key components of both the innate and adaptive immune responses, responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign antigens (proteins or molecules that trigger an immune response).

There are three main types of lymphocytes:

T cells: These lymphocytes mature in the thymus and play a critical role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells recognize specific antigens presented on the surface of infected or abnormal cells and can directly kill these cells or activate other immune cells to respond.

B cells: These lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity). B cells produce antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins) that can bind to antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects.

Natural killer cells: These lymphocytes are part of the innate immune system and are capable of recognizing and killing virus-infected cells and tumor cells without prior activation.

Lymphocytes are essential for maintaining immune surveillance, defending against infections, and providing long-term immunity through memory responses. Their coordinated efforts in both innate and adaptive immunity make them crucial players in protecting the body from pathogens and maintaining overall health.


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