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Photonics Dictionary

alternating current

Alternating current (AC) is an electrical current in which the direction of flow of electric charge periodically reverses. This reversal occurs at regular intervals, typically in a sinusoidal waveform, where the current alternates between positive and negative directions.

Direction and magnitude: AC periodically changes direction, flowing first in one direction (positive half-cycle) and then reversing to flow in the opposite direction (negative half-cycle). The magnitude of the current varies over time according to the waveform.

Frequency: The frequency of AC is the number of complete cycles per second and is measured in Hertz (Hz). Standard AC power systems typically operate at frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Voltage: Similarly, AC voltage alternates in polarity, following the same waveform pattern as the current. The voltage also varies with time, typically in sync with the current waveform.

Generation and transmission: AC is the form of electrical power generated by most power plants and is used for transmission over long distances because it can be easily stepped up or down in voltage using transformers.

Applications: AC is used extensively in residential, commercial, and industrial applications for powering appliances, lighting, machinery, and electronic devices.

Advantages: AC has several advantages over direct current (DC), including the ability to be transmitted over long distances with lower losses, easier voltage transformation using transformers, and compatibility with rotating machinery.

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