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Photonics Dictionary

active region

In the context of a laser diode, the active region is a critical part of the device where the primary light generation occurs.

Laser diode active region: The active region in a laser diode is the area where the electron-hole recombination process takes place, resulting in the emission of photons. This region is typically located at the junction of the p-type and n-type semiconductor materials.

Location and structure: The active region is usually a very thin layer sandwiched between the p-type and n-type layers in a double heterostructure. This structure confines the carriers (electrons and holes) and the generated photons to a small volume, increasing the efficiency of the light emission.

Function: When a forward voltage is applied across the laser diode, electrons and holes are injected into the active region from the n-type and p-type materials, respectively. These carriers recombine in the active region, and this recombination process emits photons.

Stimulated emission: If the injected current is high enough, the active region can reach a state where stimulated emission occurs. In this state, the emitted photons stimulate further emission of photons, leading to a coherent light beam characteristic of laser operation.

Waveguide: The active region also often serves as an optical waveguide, confining the light within the diode to enhance the optical feedback and gain necessary for laser action.

The design and material composition of the active region are crucial for determining the wavelength, efficiency, and performance of the laser diode.
 

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