Definition of active-matrix liquid crystal display

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Photonics Dictionary

active-matrix liquid crystal display: An active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) is a type of flat-panel display technology that utilizes an array of thin-film transistors (TFTs) to control the individual pixels on the screen. This setup allows for high-resolution, high-quality image displays.

Technology: An AMLCD uses a grid of TFTs and capacitors to manage the charge applied to each liquid crystal pixel. Each pixel in the display is connected to a transistor, which acts as a switch to control the pixel's state.

Structure: Thin-film transistors (TFTs): These are semiconductor devices placed at each pixel location on the display. TFTs enable precise control of the voltage applied to the liquid crystals, ensuring accurate control over the light passing through each pixel.

Liquid crystals: These are materials that can modulate light when an electric field is applied. The orientation of the liquid crystals changes with the applied voltage, which in turn affects the light's polarization and passage through the pixel.

Capacitors: Each pixel has a capacitor to maintain its state between refreshes, ensuring that the display maintains a stable image.

Advantages:

High resolution: AMLCDs offer sharp images and detailed text, suitable for high-resolution displays.

Fast refresh rates: They can refresh images quickly, reducing motion blur and improving video playback.

Better color and brightness control: Precise control over each pixel allows for better color reproduction and brightness levels.

Applications: AMLCDs are widely used in various devices, including:

Smartphones and tablets: For their high-resolution and vibrant displays.

Computer monitors and laptops: Providing clear and sharp image quality.

Televisions: Offering high-definition video playback.

Industrial and medical equipment: Where precise display information is critical.

Contrast with passive matrix LCDs: Passive matrix LCDs use a simpler, grid-based addressing scheme without transistors at each pixel. This results in slower response times, lower resolution, and poorer image quality compared to AMLCDs.

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