Videology Industrial-Grade Cameras - Custom Embedded Cameras LB 2024

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HIWIN Corp. - Linear Motor Stages MR 6/24

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618 terms

Definitions: C

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cross-coupling

1. A defect inherent in a multiple-axis positioning system whereby an adjustment of one axis causes an undesired change in another; its severity depends upon the degree to which the positioning axes...

cross-linked plastic

Plastic in which the polymer chains become irreversibly joined during molding. The cross-linking can be achieved by heating, chemical agents or irradiation.

crossed prisms

The positioning of two Nicol prisms so that their axes are at right angles to each other. With this arrangement, light transmitted by one prism will not be transmitted by the other.

crosshairs -> cross wire

Fine lines, wires or threads used in the focal plane of many optical instruments to point out and locate particular objects in the field of view. They were formerly made from a single strand of...

crosstalk

The measurable leakage of optical energy from one optical conductor to another. Also known as optical coupling.

crown glass

One of the two principal types of optical glass, the other being flint glass. Crown glass is harder than flint glass, and has a lower index of refraction and lower dispersion. Both types are used in...

CRT -> cathode-ray tube

A vacuum tube with an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at the other. Electrons emitted from a heated filament are accelerated by a series of annular anodes at progressively higher...

crush

A surface scratch or series of scratches formed by mishandling.

crush strength

The physical limit of an optical fiber or cable to withstand an applied force or weight perpendicular to the axis of the fiber.

crust

A stain in a glass surface.

cryogenics

The science and technology applied to the creation of low temperatures (i.e., approaching absolute zero).

cryopump

A vacuum pump in which pressure is reduced by condensing gases on surfaces cryogenically cooled to about 20 K (liquid hydrogen) or 4 K (liquid helium).

cryospectroscopy

The spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the temperature of the sample, allowing isolation and study of the sample and...

cryostat

A cryostat is a device used to maintain very low temperatures, typically below the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K or -196°C) or even lower. It provides a controlled environment for...

crystal

A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess this structure, or it may acquire it through mechanical means. More than 50...

crystal counter

An instrument that is used to detect high-energy particles by the pulse of the current formed when a particle passes through a normally insulating crystal to which a potential difference is applied.

crystal diamagnetism

The unusual and anisotropic diamagnetic quality observed in particular crystals such as those composed of bismuth.

crystal diode

A diode with a semiconducting material, such as germanium or silicon, for one electrode, and a fine wire "whisker'' which lies on the semiconductor, as the other electrode. The low capacitance...

crystal field

The electrostatic field acting locally within a crystal as a result of the microscopic arrangement of atoms and ions in the lattice.

crystal filter

A bandpass filter with piezoelectric crystal components for the passage or impedance of electrical signals of various frequencies.

crystal grating

A crystal that may serve as a diffraction grating if mounted effectively.

crystal laser -> solid-state laser

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent light. The term "solid-state" refers to the fact that the active medium, where...

crystal lattice

A regular, periodic, geometric array of points corresponding to the positions of the atoms in a perfect crystal.

crystal optics

The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on polarization.

crystal oscillator

An oscillator that uses a piezoelectric crystal to control its frequency.

crystal oven

A temperature-controlled container used to stabilize the temperature and resonant frequency of a crystal found in a crystal-controlled oscillator.

crystal quartz

The naturally occurring crystalline form of silicon dioxide. It is slightly birefringent and exhibits rotary dispersion of light rays transmitted along the crystal axis, both right-hand and left-hand...

crystal spectrograph

A system that applies a crystal as a diffracting agent to photograph the spectrum.

crystal spectrometer

A device designed to measure crystal properties by analysis of crystal diffraction.

crystalline axes

The axes of symmetry in a crystal structure. See also biaxial crystal; uniaxial crystal.

crystalline lens

The internal lens of the eye. It is semielastic to permit changes in its power when focusing on objects at near distances.

crystallite

A small region within a single crystal where the molecules form a perfect lattice.

crystallized glass

Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in which the glass undergoes a stage of nucleic formation, and a second stage,...

crystallogram

The photographic record of the diffraction pattern formed when x-rays pass through a crystal.

crystallography

The analysis of the atomic structures within crystals by means of x-ray diffraction.

cube-corner prism -> corner cube

A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light or electromagnetic waves back towards their source with minimal deviation in...

CubeSat

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are typically used for scientific research, technology demonstration, educational...

cubic convolution

A method of resampling in which a 16-pixel neighborhood around a given pixel from the original image is used to calculate the final brightness value of that pixel in the corrected image.

cup bevel

A bevel produced by grinding with a cup-shaped tool.

Curie temperature

The temperature above which a ferromagnetic material becomes only paramagnetic.

curie

Standard maintained by the International Commission on Radiological Units as a unit of radioactivity defined as the quantity of any radioactive nuclide in which the number of disintegrations per...

curing

The use of chemicals or radiation to induce a desired change in a substance; e.g., some optical adhesives are set by exposure to ultraviolet light and are said to be UV-curing.

current saturation

A condition during laser operation when laser output can no longer be increased by additional electric current.

current transient

A sudden, brief increase in current or voltage in a circuit that can damage sensitive components and instruments. Preventive measures include slow-starter circuits, filtering and static control.

cursor

On a display monitor, a small, mobile rectangle, cross-hair or pointer that locates a feature in an image that is the object of attention, or indicates where the next character will appear in word...

curvature

The measure of departure from a flat surface, as applied to lenses; the reciprocal of radius. Applies to any surface, including lenses, mirrors and image surfaces.

curvature loss -> macrobend loss

In an optical waveguide, that loss attributable to macrobending. Macrobending usually causes little or no radiative loss.

curvature of field

A lens aberration that causes a flat object surface to be imaged onto a curved surface rather than a plane.

curvilinear distortion

A lens aberration in which the focal length varies radially outward from the center of the field. It has the effect of making a straight tangential line in the object appear curved in the image,...

custom lapping and polishing services

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of components to meet specific requirements or standards. These...

Photonics DictionaryDefinitionsC