Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows scientists to study the dynamics of electronic processes occurring on extremely short timescales, measured in attoseconds (10^-18...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A spectroscopic process that detects and analyzes the discharge from an extrinsic surface with less than bandgap light. This...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

Commonly performed in spectroscopy, the optical null process is a method for radiation detection whereby physical detectors...

The measurement of the ability of matter to absorb, transmit or reflect infrared radiation and the relating of the resultant...

A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...

A source of energy that produces needed excitation for population inversion in laser operation. The excitation source that...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

A study of the energies and wavelengths of radiation emitted by atoms and molecules when particular physical conditions are...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

That branch of spectroscopy that applies to the study of interactions between energy and atomic nuclei. The simultaneous...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...

Off-axis paraboloid and ellipsoid mirrors are specialized optical components used in various optical systems, particularly...

A discharge tube filled with various gases and used as a source in spectroscopy.

A type of modulation spectroscopy that measures spectral reflectance or transmittance changes induced by applying a...

Technique in which the polarization rotation of light, and its relationship to the magnetic field strength can be analyzed...

A photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...

Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

Instrument that uses absorption spectroscopy to detect gases in planetary atmospheres. Dispersed incoming radiation is...

The theory and interpretation of spectra produced by the electron emissions of substances after their irradiation by x-rays.

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

In spectroscopy, the parallel bands that vary in lightness and darkness or color, and that are formed when light is...

Experimental method of measuring the transmission of a given sample as a function of the wavelength.

A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...

1. A faint second image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen when observing through an optical instrument. 2. With...

A technique developed to measure the molecular weight of macromolecules by analyzing the spontaneous fluctuations that occur...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

The study of flames by means of a laser emitting blue light and a spectrometer to measure the green fluorescence created by...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

The use of a krypton laser system for the measurement of small molecules aligned by an electric field, by analyzing the...

A method of analysis in which a pulsed laser beam is used to heat a particle, producing a plasma, or laser spark. As the...

A flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

The energy analysis of electrons released in a secondary step following initial excitation or ionization.

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

A type of spectroscopy used extensively in the analysis of biological samples. Because most biologically synthesized...

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

The method of acquiring characteristic x-ray spectra from microscopic samples by use of the combination of a scanning...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

In atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a wavelength identical to that of...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

The full width at half maximum (FWHM) is a measure used in various fields, particularly in spectroscopy, signal processing,...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A thermocouple that is used in infrared spectroscopy to detect a sample's infrared emittance. See thermocouple.

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

An instrument that produces an intense, tightly focused beam of ions to stimulate emissions from a minute section of a...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

A method of measuring negatively charged phase ions using a color-center or lead-salt diode laser.

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

A method of spectral analysis in which some property of the sample is varied and the corresponding change is measured. The...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

A type of electromodulation that measures changes in spectral reflectance.

A grating beamsplitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into...

A chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

In spectroscopy, the false images arranged symmetrically on both sides of the true line and caused by irregularities in the...

A wide-field multiobject spectroscopy system used in astronomy, in which a bundle of low-loss optical fibers positioned on...

A pump-probe technique whereby a single wavelength source may be used in order to excite a given sample to determine...

The method that, by measuring the absorption along an atmospheric path at wavelengths ranging from two to a continuum, can...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

The analysis of the atomic structure of a sample by means of a source radiation that is absorbed and emitted by the sample...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

A monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...

In optical emission spectroscopy, the reduction in radiant power in the central portion of spectral lines arising from the...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Spectrum analysis concerned with the spectra formed by transitions in molecules.

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...

The spectroscopic study of radiation emitted by the process of fluorescence.

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...

The spectroscopic study of the radiation emitted by the lifetime of phosphorescence.

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

The hollow electrode used in emission spectroscopy to hold the material to be examined and, using an arc or spark source, to...

(SALI) A type of spectroscopy in which neutral atoms or molecules are ionized by an excimer laser beam and then measured by...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

That part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

A powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...

A type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...

The spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

A technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...

An angstrom, symbolized by the Ångström or Å, is a unit of length used to express atomic and molecular...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

A method for obtaining the optical absorption spectra of solids, semisolids, liquids and gases. PAS is inherently...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...

A type of fluorescence spectroscopy in which an excimer laser, a dye laser and a frequency-doubling device are used to...

A method of spectral analysis using wavelengths between 100 and 300 nm that utilizes both emission and absorption techniques.

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

The spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using a monochannel spectrometer, spectrograph or multichannel...

An experimental research technique by which absorbed or unabsorbed radiation is analyzed in order to characterize and...

Monolithic self-scanning linear image sensor array for multichannel spectroscopy with a spectral range of from 200 to 1000...

A technique in photometry that uses an oxyhydrogen or oxyacetylene flame to optically excite a solution containing the...

The analysis of structural and molecular dynamics caused by low temperature.

Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) are specialized optical elements that consist of periodic variations in refractive index...

A measure of the transmittance through an optical medium. Optical density equals the log to the base 10 of the reciprocal of...

A measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...

A type of ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy that can detect quantities as small as a single atom of some substances and that...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

A technique for measuring the energy spectrum of electrons emitted during the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. This...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...

The process of using a spectrograph with a telescope to acquire information on an astronomical object's speed and physical...

A method of studying the chemical and physical properties of atoms and molecules (typically living tissue and chemical...

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...

A spectroscopic technique used to display the intensity of an optical pulse as functions of time and frequency...

An optical grating, in the context of optics and physics, refers to a device with a periodic structure of closely spaced,...

An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is a device that utilizes the interaction between sound waves and light waves to modulate...

The spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using an electronic imaging tube with a Fabry-Perot interferometer to...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

With respect to atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence that is emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a...

The spectroscopic analysis of optical line shapes and frequency shifts, using the technique of light beating; i.e., the...

A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

Spectroscopy characterized by the Mossbauer effect - recoilless emission and absorption of nuclear gamma radiation- which...

An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

The analysis of fluorescence emitted by discrete atoms, in flames, that have absorbed radiation from an external source. It...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

The study and interpretation of the spectra of substances after they have absorbed the radiant energy emitted by a brief,...